Nagbe is the son of Somah Nagbe and Joe Nagbe, the former captain of the Liberian national team. He has two younger sisters, Martha and Seta, and one older brother, Joe Jr. In 2012, he married Felicia Houtz and the couple have a daughter named Mila and sons Kingston and Isaiah.

Nagbe received his U.S. green card in 2012, thus making him a domestic player for MLS roster purposes, and became a United States citizen in September 2015.

He states his sporting idol as Thierry Henry.

At the end of the 2023 regular season, Nagbe was re-signed by Columbus to a contract extension through the 2025 campaign, with an option for another year.